Racism may jeopardize the mental health of minorities in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

Racism can significantly impact the mental health of minorities through various mechanisms, but the assertion that discrimination limits recreational opportunities to improve mental health is less direct in comparison to the other options.

The other choices illustrate more immediate and established pathways through which racism adversely affects mental health. Negative racial images that individuals encounter can substantially influence their social functioning, leading to increased anxiety, depression, and a feeling of disenfranchisement. Additionally, racism's contribution to diminished socioeconomic status creates numerous stressors, such as inadequate access to healthcare, education, and job opportunities, which are known to correlate strongly with poor mental health outcomes. Furthermore, physiological changes induced by the stress of experiencing racism—like chronic stress responses—can lead to various mental health issues, as well as physical health problems.

In contrast, while limited recreational opportunities can undoubtedly impact mental health, the relationship is less direct and is more of a symptom of societal inequities rather than a primary consequence of racism itself. Discrimination may not inherently prevent individuals from engaging in recreational activities; it is more likely that broader socioeconomic factors, which are tied to racism, would play a more significant role in limiting access to both recreational and health-promoting activities. Thus, the concept of limiting recreational opportunities represents a less direct effect